The Sayyaid dynasty (1414-1451 AD)-
Timur appointed Khizr Khan as governor of Multan. He captured Delhi and founded the Sayyid dynasty in 1414.
Lodi Dynasty (1451-1526)AD-
Lodhis were Afghans and they ruled Delhi for 75 years
Bahlol Lodi (1451-1489)-
He was founder of Lodhi dynasty
He captured Sharqi kingdom of Jaunpur
Sikandar Lodi (1489-1 51 7)-
Sikandar Shah conquered Bihar and Tirhut and concluded an alliance with the sultan of Bengal.
In 1505 he founded Agra.
He reimposed Jaziya tax on non muslims
He introduced the Gaz-i-Sikandari (Sikandar‘s yard) of 32 digits for measuring cultivated fields
He encouraged agriculture and trade and secured the safety of the public roads
Ibrahim Lodi (1517-1526)-
He was last Lodi Sultan of Delhi
Ibrahim Lodi conquered Gwalior
His close relatives Allam khan Lodi and Daulat Khan Lodi invited Babar to invade India
Babur invaded India, defeated and killed Ibrahim Lodi in the Battle of Panipat (1526)
Art and Architecture of Lodhi’s-
Lodhi started developing Double Dome structures
Lodhi Gardens -
It was made by Sikander Lodhi
It contains Mohammed Shah's Tomb, the Tomb of Sikandar Lodi, the Shisha Gumbad and the Bara Gumbad(Big dome)
Administrative system of Delhi-
Central Government-
The Sultan was assisted by a number of departments and officials in his administration
The number of ministers or the departments was not fixed
Deputy Sultan or Naib : Deputy sultan was appointed when the sultan was weak and incapable of governing or a minor and Naib enjoyed all power of King
Wazir : The head of a department
Different departments-
Diwan-i-Wizarat-
Revenue department
Diwan-i-ariz-
Military department headed by the Ariz-iMumalik and this department have also sub departments
Mir-Hajib - superintendent of the royal stables
The Daroga-i-Pil - keeper of the royal elephant stables
Diwan-i-Insha-
Department of royal correspondence headed by Dabir-i-khas
Diwan-i-Risalat-
The department of religious affairs headed by chief Sadr
Diwani-i-Qaza-
Department of justice headed by Qazi-ul-Quzat
Some other important officials were-
Barid-i-mumalik-
Head of intelligence department
Wakil-i-dar-
Official concerned with the royal household
Local Administration-
Development of Iqta system
What was meaning of Iqta ?
It was the land or revenue assigned by a ruler to an individual instead of the service rendered to the state
The head of Iqta was called as iqtadar or muqti who was powerful military commander
During the Slave dynasty there were twelve iqtas
Iqta System during Alauddin Khilji’s Reign
The Iqta system continued during his time but there was some difference
He conquered some new territories in North western India and divided them into provinces and placed them under the Military head called as Amirs or Walis
The Military heads who were appointed as before reign of Khilji were called as Muqti and their area was also divided into provinces headed by Muqti
What was the difference between Muqti and Amirs or Walis ?
Amirs or Walis had greater area under their control and have more revenue as comparison to Muqtis
Responsibility and position of Muqti
The responsibilities of a muqti were to collect revenue and remit it to the state treasury and maintain law and order in his iqta
No muqti was allowed to have his own court or use a royal emblem.
The muqti was severely punished in case of corruption or malpractice and the amount was recovered from him
The muqti could not claim the ownership of the land assigned to him
He retained the land as long as the sultan allowed him to do so
Territorial Administration-
At the top there was Delhi sultanate than Sarkar, Shiq, Pargana and at last village
Shiqs were controlled by shiqdar
Paragana were controlled by amil
Villages were controlled by village heads man
Village accountant-
muqaddam, chaudhri, khut and Patwaries
Economy of Delhi Sultanate
Agriculture-
Major occupation of the people was agriculture
Village economy was dependent on the agriculture
King use to get revenue from these lands as land revenue
Industries-
There were development of village and cottage industries
The Sultans took a hand in building up big enterprises known as the 'Karkhanas
Trade and Commerce-
Internal trade was not that much developed as that of external trades
Coastal states had trade with neighboring countries like Iraq, Malya ,Java etc.
Trade of cotton, precious stones, indigo, hides, opium, spices were there
Tax system-
There were three types of lands-
1.iqta land – lands assigned to officials as iqtas instead of payment for their services. ‘
2. khalisa land – land under the direct control of the Sultan and the revenues collected were spent for the maintenance of royal court and royal household.
3. inam land – land assigned or granted to religious leaders or religious institutions
Main source of income was tax on land and these taxes were as follows-
Ushr- one-tenth of the produce charged from Muslim cultivators; Khams- one-fifth of the money captured in war;
Tarkat- control over heirless property
Zakat- a two per cent tax on property realized from the Muslims to be spent for specific religious purpose only
Jizya- a poll tax payable by the non-Muslims
Art and Architecture during Delhi Sultanate-
Features of Architecture of Delhi Sultanate-
There was development of Arches and domes
There was combination of Arabic and Indian styles
Use of large number of pillars to support the roof
There was use of good quality of mortar to hold the stones
Decorative shapes, calligraphy etc. can be seen on our walls
Music during Delhi Sultanate
There was development of Qawwali style during this time
New musical instruments such as sarangi and rabab were introduced during this period
Two Important person known for development of Music were-
Raja Man Singh of Gwalior-
He was great lover of music
He encouraged the composition of a great musical work called Man Kautuhal.
Amir Khusro-
He was indo Persian Sufi singer and Musician
He wrote poetry primarily in Persian, but also in Hindavi
He was known to introduced Tarana style of Music
He is known for invention of Sitar
He proclaimed himself as tuti-i-hind or parrot of India